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Classification
Classification system proposed in 1938.
Group I (A)
Group II (B)
Group III (C)
Group IV (D)
2,Kernahan and Stark classification [2]
Embryology-based classification system proposed in 1958 that designates the incisive foramen as the dividing line between the primary and secondary palates.
The incisive foramen is a funnel-shaped opening through which neurovascular bundles pass. It is located in the hard palate behind the middle upper teeth (incisors). This structure is an important embryological landmark, which is used to define the boundary between the primary and secondary palate.
3.Kernahan classification [3]
Classification system based on the resemblance of an intra-oral view of a cleft lip and palate to the letter 'Y', proposed in 1971.
The area affected by the cleft is marked on the 'Y' and labelled from 1 to 9, each of which represents a different anatomical structure. Combinations of the numeric values represent the appearance of the cleft lip, alveolus, or palate. View image
4.Harkins' classification [4]
Classification system proposed in 1962.
5.Spina classification [5]
Classification system proposed in 1974.
6.Tessier's classification [6]
Tessier described a classification scheme that is universally utilised, in a landmark article of 1976. View imageView image
Oro-facial clefts can manifest as:
7.DAVIS AND RITCHIE CLASSIFICATION:
8.ARTURO SANTIAGO CLASSIFICATION:
Santiago A8 proposed a classification in 1969 in which he used four digits to indicate presence of cleft and its location. Each digit is followed by letter to indicate condition of cleft (complete, incomplete or
sub mucous). Four digits represent the following four structures
affected by cleft.
• The first digit refers to the lip.
• The second digit refers to the alveolus.
• The third digit refers to the hard palate.
• The fourth digit refers to the soft palate.
The numbers used as digits represents the condition of cleft.
• 0= No cleft
• 1= Midline cleft
• 2= Cleft on right side
• 3= Cleft on left side
• 4= Bilateral cleft
The letters indicate more specifically the type of cleft.
• A = An incomplete midline cleft
• B = An incomplete cleft of right side
• C = An incomplete cleft of left side
• D = Bilateral incomplete cleft
Kreins O (cited by Hodgkinson et al)9 proposed
LAHSHAL system for classification of cleft lip and
palate patients which was modified on the recommendation
of Royal College of Surgeons Britain in 2005
by omitting one “H” from the acronym “LAHSHAL”. LAHSAL system is a diagrammatic classification
of cleft lip and palate. According to this classification,
mouth is divided into six parts.
• Right lip
• Right alveolus
• Hard palate
• Soft palate (LAHSAL)
• Left alveolus
• Left lip
• The first character is for patient’s right lip and
last character for patient’s left lip.
• LAHSAL code indicates complete cleft with
capital letter and an incomplete cleft with small
letter.
No cleft is represented with a dot.
Elnassry10 proposed following classification in
2007. He divided cleft lip and palate patients in to
seven classes.
Class I: Unilateral cleft lip
Class II: Unilateral cleft lip and alveolus
Class III: Bilateral cleft lip and alveolus
Class IV: Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate
Class V: Bilateral complete cleft lip and palate
Class VI: Cleft hard palate
Class VII: Bifid uvula
Classification
Classification system proposed in 1938.
Group I (A)
Group II (B)
Group III (C)
Group IV (D)
2,Kernahan and Stark classification [2]
Embryology-based classification system proposed in 1958 that designates the incisive foramen as the dividing line between the primary and secondary palates.
The incisive foramen is a funnel-shaped opening through which neurovascular bundles pass. It is located in the hard palate behind the middle upper teeth (incisors). This structure is an important embryological landmark, which is used to define the boundary between the primary and secondary palate.
3.Kernahan classification [3]
Classification system based on the resemblance of an intra-oral view of a cleft lip and palate to the letter 'Y', proposed in 1971.
The area affected by the cleft is marked on the 'Y' and labelled from 1 to 9, each of which represents a different anatomical structure. Combinations of the numeric values represent the appearance of the cleft lip, alveolus, or palate. View image
4.Harkins' classification [4]
Classification system proposed in 1962.
5.Spina classification [5]
Classification system proposed in 1974.
6.Tessier's classification [6]
Tessier described a classification scheme that is universally utilised, in a landmark article of 1976. View imageView image
Oro-facial clefts can manifest as:
7.DAVIS AND RITCHIE CLASSIFICATION:
8.ARTURO SANTIAGO CLASSIFICATION:
Santiago A8 proposed a classification in 1969 in which he used four digits to indicate presence of cleft and its location. Each digit is followed by letter to indicate condition of cleft (complete, incomplete or
sub mucous). Four digits represent the following four structures
affected by cleft.
• The first digit refers to the lip.
• The second digit refers to the alveolus.
• The third digit refers to the hard palate.
• The fourth digit refers to the soft palate.
The numbers used as digits represents the condition of cleft.
• 0= No cleft
• 1= Midline cleft
• 2= Cleft on right side
• 3= Cleft on left side
• 4= Bilateral cleft
The letters indicate more specifically the type of cleft.
• A = An incomplete midline cleft
• B = An incomplete cleft of right side
• C = An incomplete cleft of left side
• D = Bilateral incomplete cleft
Kreins O (cited by Hodgkinson et al)9 proposed
LAHSHAL system for classification of cleft lip and
palate patients which was modified on the recommendation
of Royal College of Surgeons Britain in 2005
by omitting one “H” from the acronym “LAHSHAL”. LAHSAL system is a diagrammatic classification
of cleft lip and palate. According to this classification,
mouth is divided into six parts.
• Right lip
• Right alveolus
• Hard palate
• Soft palate (LAHSAL)
• Left alveolus
• Left lip
• The first character is for patient’s right lip and
last character for patient’s left lip.
• LAHSAL code indicates complete cleft with
capital letter and an incomplete cleft with small
letter.
No cleft is represented with a dot.
Elnassry10 proposed following classification in
2007. He divided cleft lip and palate patients in to
seven classes.
Class I: Unilateral cleft lip
Class II: Unilateral cleft lip and alveolus
Class III: Bilateral cleft lip and alveolus
Class IV: Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate
Class V: Bilateral complete cleft lip and palate
Class VI: Cleft hard palate
Class VII: Bifid uvula
Comment
Cleft lips and palates are some of the most common genetic irregularities in children that cause an incomplete closure of the upper lip and roof of the mouth. The condition causes breathing, feeding and speech problems.
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